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Hole-Drilling Handbook


A new handbook Hole-Drilling Method for Measuring Residual Stress was published by Morgan & Claypool in 2018. The book gives a practical description of the Hole-Drilling Method, and is useful for both newcomers and experienced practitioners. Selected excerpts are publicly available.

Residual Stress Textbook


A detailed reference book Practical Residual Stress Measurement Methods was published by Wiley in 2013. The book gives clear descriptions of the major methods for measuring residual stresses, including the hole-drilling method. Chapter 1 is publicly available.

Hole-Drilling Method


  1. ASTM. "Determining Residual Stresses by the Hole-Drilling Strain-Gage Method." ASTM Standard Test Method E837-20. American Society for Testing and Materials, West Conshohocken, PA. 2020.
  2. Schajer, G.S. and Whitehead, P.S. "Hole-Drilling Method for Measuring Residual Stress." Morgan & Claypool, Vermont, USA. 186pp, 2018.
  3. Schajer, G.S. and Whitehead, P.S. "Hole-Drilling and Ring Coring." Chapter 2 in "Practical Residual Stress Measurement Methods", ed. Schajer, G.S., Wiley, Chichester, UK. 320pp, 2013.
  4. Grant, P.V., Lord, J.D. and Whitehead, P.S. "The Measurement of Residual Stresses by the Incremental Hole Drilling Technique." Measurement Good Practice Guide No.53, National Physical Laboratory, Teddington, UK, 2002.
  5. Ajovalasit, A., Scafidi, M., Zuccarello, B., Beghini, M., Bertini, L., Santus , C., Valentini, E., Benincasa, A., Bertelli, L. "The Hole-drilling Strain Gauge Method for the Measurement of Uniform or Non-uniform Residual Stresses." AIAS–TR01:2010, Associazione Italiana per l'Analisi delle Sollecitazione, Rome, Italy, 70pp, 2010.
  6. Vishay Measurements Group, Inc. "Measurement of Residual Stresses by the Hole-Drilling Strain-Gage Method." Tech Note TN-503-6. Vishay Measurements Group, Inc., Raleigh, NC. 16pp, 1993.
  7. Oettel, R. "The Determination of Uncertainties in Residual Stress Measurement (using the Hole Drilling Technique)." Code of Practice 15, Issue 1, EU Project No. SMT4-CT97-2165, Sept. 2000.
  8. Whitehead, P.S. "Practical Experiences in Hole Drilling Measurements of Residual Stresses." Proceedings of the SEM Annual Conference, Indianapolis, USA, June 7-10 2010. Society for Experimental Mechanics, Vol.6, No.17, pp.209-219, 2011.
  9. Mathar, J. "Determination of Initial Stresses by Measuring the Deformation Around Drilled Holes." Transactions ASME, Vol.56, No.4, pp.249-254, 1934.
  10. Rendler, N.J. and Vigness, I. "Hole-drilling Strain-gage Method of Measuring Residual Stresses." Experimental Mechanics, Vol.6, No.12, pp.577-586, 1966.
  11. Schajer, G.S. "Application of Finite Element Calculations to Residual Stress Measurements." Journal of Engineering Materials and Technology, Vol.103, No.2, pp.157-163, 1981.

Profile Stress Calculation


  1. Schajer, G.S. "Measurement of Non-Uniform Residual Stresses Using the Hole-Drilling Method." Journal of Engineering Materials and Technology, Vol.110, No.4, Part I: pp.338-343, Part II: pp.344-349, 1988.
  2. Schajer, G.S. "Hole-Drilling Residual Stress Profiling with Automated Smoothing." Journal of Engineering Materials and Technology, Vol.129, No.3, pp.440-445, 2007.
  3. Scafidi, M., Valentini, E., Zuccarello, B. "Error and Uncertainty Analysis of the Residual Stresses Computed by Using the Hole Drilling Method." Strain, Vol.47, No.4, pp.301–312, 2011.
  4. Vangi, D. "Data Management for the Evaluation of Residual Stresses by the Incremental Hole-Drilling Method." Journal of Engineering Materials and Technology, Vol.116, No.4, pp.561-566, 1994.
  5. Niku-Lari, A., Lu, J., Flavenot, J.F. "Measurement of Residual-Stress Distribution by the Incremental Hole-Drilling Method." Experimental Mechanics, Vol.25, No.2, pp.175-185, 1985.
  6. Bijak-Zochowski, M. "A Semidestructive Method of Measuring Residual Stresses." VDI-Berichte, Vol.313, pp.469-476, 1978.

Uniform Stress Calculation


  1. Schajer, G.S. "Strain Data Averaging for the Hole-Drilling Method." Experimental Techniques, Vol.15, No.2, pp.25-28, 1991.
  2. Beghini, M., Bertini, L. and Raffaelli, P. "Numerical Analysis of Plasticity Effect in the Hole-Drilling Residual Stress Measurement." Journal of Testing and Evaluation, Vol.22, No.6, pp.522-529, 1994.
  3. Schajer, G.S. and Yang, L. "Residual-stress Measurement in Orthotropic Materials using the Hole-Drilling Method." Experimental Mechanics, Vol.34, No.4, pp.324–333, 1994.
  4. Pagliaro, P. and Zuccarello, B. "Residual Stress Analysis of Orthotropic Materials by the Through-hole Drilling Method." Experimental Mechanics, Vol.47, No.2, pp.217-236, 2007.

Strain Gauge Installation


  1. Vishay Precision Group, Inc. "Surface Preparation for Strain Gauge Bonding." Instruction Bulletin B-129-8, 19 December 2011.
  2. Vishay Precision Group, Inc. "Strain Gauge Installations with M-Bond 200 Adhesive." Instruction Bulletin B-127-14, 14 October 2011.
  3. Vishay Precision Group, Inc. "The Three-Wire Quarter-Bridge Circuit." Application Note TT-612, 14 November 2010.
  4. Vishay Precision Group, Inc. "Strain Gage Soldering Techniques." Application Note TT-609, 13 November 2010.
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